The Hex For Mac

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To use this hex to binary converter tool, just type a hex value like 1E into the left field below, and then hit the Convert button. Therefore, you can convert up to 16 hex characters (max. value of 7fffffffffffffff).

Hex to binary conversion result in base numbers

Hexadecimal System (Hex System)

The hexadecimal system (shortly hex), uses the number 16 as its base (radix). As a base-16 numeral system, it uses 16 symbols. These are the 10 decimal digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) and the first six letters of the English alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F). The letters are used because of the need to represent the values 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 each in one single symbol.

Hex is used in mathematics and information technologies as a more friendly way to represent binary numbers. Each hex digit represents four binary digits; therefore, hex is a language to write binary in an abbreviated form.

Four binary digits (also called nibbles) make up half a byte. This means one byte can carry binary values from 0000 0000 to 1111 1111. In hex, these can be represented in a friendlier fashion, ranging from 00 to FF.

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In html programming, colors can be represented by a 6-digit hexadecimal number: FFFFFF represents white whereas 000000 represents black.

Binary System

The binary numeral system uses the number 2 as its base (radix). As a base-2 numeral system, it consists of only two numbers: 0 and 1.

While it has been applied in ancient Egypt, China and India for different purposes, the binary system has become the language of electronics and computers in the modern world. This is the most efficient system to detect an electric signal’s off (0) and on (1) state. It is also the basis for binary code that is used to compose data in computer-based machines. Even the digital text that you are reading right now consists of binary numbers.

Reading a binary number is easier than it looks: This is a positional system; therefore, every digit in a binary number is raised to the powers of 2, starting from the rightmost with 2⁰. In the binary system, each binary digit refers to 1 bit.

How to Convert Hex to Binary

Converting from hex to binary is straightforward since hexadecimal numbers are simplified versions of binary strings. You just need to remember that each hex value will produce four binary digits.

• Step 1: Write down the hex number. If there are any, change the hex values represented by letters to their decimal equivalents.
• Step 2: Each hex digit represents four binary digits and therefore is equal to a power of 2. The rightmost digit equals to 2⁰ (1), the next one equals to 2¹ (2), the next one equals to 2² (4) and the leftmost one equals to 2³ (8). Write these numbers (8, 4, 2 and 1) below the hex values.
• Step 3: Determine which powers of two (8, 4, 2 or 1) sum up to your hex digits. For example, if one of your hex values is 10, this means 8 and 2 sum up to 10 (4 and 1 are not used). If your hex number is 2, only 2 is used; 8, 4 and 1 are not.
• Step 4: Write down 1 below those 8, 4, 2 and 1’s that are used. Write down 0 below those that are not used.
• Step 5: Read the 1’s and 0’s from left to right to get the binary equivalent of the given hex number.

Let's apply these steps to the hex number (4FA)₁₆

Hex to binary conversion examples

Related converters: Binary To Hex Converter

Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion Chart

The Hex For Mac Keyboard

This tutorial explains the MAC (Media Access Control) address in detail. Learn what the MAC address is, how it is formed, and the types of MAC addresses (unicast, multicast, and broadcast).

In network, an address provides a unique identity to an end device. Unless an end device has a unique address, it can’t communicate with other devices in the network. A unique address enables an end device to send and receive data in the network.

In the LAN network, a unique address is the combination of two addresses; software address and hardware address.

Addressing in Networking Reference models

A networking reference model defines the standards, characteristics, definitions, and functionalities of the network. There are two popular networking models; the OSI Seven Layers model and the TCP/IP model.

In both models, the software address and hardware address are defined in the network layer and data link layer, respectively. In both models, the network layer and data link layer stand on the third and second positions, respectively. Because of this, both layers are also known as layer 3 and layer 2, respectively.

Software address

The software address is also known as the network layer address or layer 3 address. This address is manageable and configurable. Based on network requirements and layout, this address can be configured and assigned to an end device. Almost all modern LAN implementations use the IP protocol in the network layer. The IP protocol uses the term IP address to define the software address.

I have already explained IP addresses in the following tutorial.

In this tutorial, I will explain the hardware addresses in detail.

Hardware address

The hardware address is also known as the data link layer address or layer 2 address or MAC (Media Access Control) address. From these terms, the term MAC address is commonly used to refer to the hardware address. Unlike the IP address or software address, this address can’t be configured or managed. When you purchase a new NIC (Network Interface Card), or any device which has onboard NICs, it comes with a pre-configured MAC address.

Shadowrun returns mods. A MAC address is 6 bytes (48 bits) long address in the binary numbers. MAC addresses are written in the hexadecimal format. The hexadecimal format uses the base-16 to refer to numbers. If we divide the total available length (48 bits) in binary numbers by the base (base-16) that is used to write a number in hexadecimal format, we get the total digits (12 = 48 ÷ 16) of that number in the hexadecimal format. Thus, if we write a 6 bytes (48bits) long binary MAC address in hexadecimal format, we get a 12 digits long hexadecimal number.

For convenience and easier readability, when writing a MAC address in hexadecimal format, extra space or periods or colons are added after every two or four digits. For example, you can write a MAC address in the following ways.

• Without any separator: - 00000ABB28FC
• Extra space after every two digits: - 00 00 0A BB 28 FC
• Extra space after every four digits: - 0000 0ABB 28FC
• Colon after every two digits: - 00:00:0A:BB:28:FC
• Colon after every four digits: - 0000:0ABB:28FC
• Period after every two digits: - 00.00.0A.BB.28.FC
• Period after every four digits: - 0000.0ABB.28FC

No matter which style you use to write the MAC address, or an application or networking software uses to display the MAC address, a MAC address is always processed in binary numbers only. NIC converts hexadecimal numbers of the MAC address in binary numbers before processing and using it.

Structure or format of the MAC address

The Hex For Mac Os

As mentioned above, you can’t assign MAC address to a NIC or onboard NICs. When you purchase a new NIC or a device with onboard NICs, it arrives with a pre-configured MAC address or MAC addresses, respectively. Before we understand how manufacturers select MAC addresses for NICs, let’s briefly understand why a MAC should be unique in the LAN network.

If a LAN network has two or more NICs configured with the same MAC address then that network will not work. Let’s understand this with an example.

Suppose in a network three PCs; PC-A (11000ABB28FC), PC-B (00000ABB28FC) and PC-C (00000ABB28FC) are connected through a switch. NICs of PC-B and PC-C have the same MAC address 00000ABB28FC.

If PC-A sends a frame to the destination MAC address 00000ABB28FC, the switch fails to deliver this frame as it has two recipients of this frame.

The following image shows this example.

The Hex For Machine Gun

A LAN network does not work unless each device in the LAN network has a unique MAC address.

Now let's be back to our main question. How do manufacturers assign a unique MAC address to each NIC?

Before manufacturing NICs, every manufacturer obtains a universally unique 3-byte code, known as the organizationally unique identifier (OUI), from the IEEE. The IEEE is an international organization that regulates and maintains the namespace of MAC addresses.

After obtaining the OUI bytes, the manufacturer uses these OUI bytes at the beginning of the MAC address of all its NICs or on-board NIC devices. The manufacturer also assigns a unique hexadecimal value in the remaining bytes.

6 bytes MAC address = 3 bytes OUI number obtained from the IEEE + 3 bytes unique number assigned by the manufacturer

MAC addresses of all NICs or onboard NIC devices manufactured by the same manufacturer always start with the same 3-bytes OUI numbers. For example, suppose the IEEE assigns an OUI “0000AA” to the xyz company. Now the xyz company will use the OUI number 0000AA as the first 24 bits to build MAC addresses for its NICs or onboard NICs devices.

To keep each product separately from others, the manufacturer uses the remaining 3-bytes. Manufacturers are free to use any sequence or method on the remaining three bytes. For example, the xyz company can assign the MAC addresses to its NICs in the incremental order.

The following table extends this example and adds two more demo companies (ABC and JKL) in the example. It also shows MAC addresses of 5 NICs from each company.

Thus, this procedure ensures that no two NICs use the same MAC address in the universe.

Types of MAC address

There are three types of MAC address; unicast, multicast, and broadcast.

Unicast MAC address

Unicast MAC address represents a specific NIC or onboard NIC ports in the network. The inbuilt MAC address of a NIC is the unicast MAC address of that NIC.

Multicast MAC address

Multicast MAC address represents a group of devices (or NICs in Layer 2). The IEEE has reserved the OUI 01-00-5E (first 3-bytes or 24 bits) for the multicast MAC addresses. The remaining 24 bits are set by the network application or device that wants to send data in the group. A multicast MAC address always starts with the prefix 01-00-5E.

Broadcast MAC address

Broadcast MAC address represents all devices in the network. The IEEE has reserved the address FFFF.FFFF.FFFF as the broadcast MAC address. Any device that wants to send the data to all devices of the network, can use this address as the destination MAC address.

That’s all for this tutorial. If you like this tutorial, please don’t forget to share it with friends through your favorite social channel.